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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMON TERMINOLOGY

Submitted by christian on Mon, 03/16/2020 - 15:31
  1. dangerous infectious diseases - human infectious diseases and parasitic diseases which, in relation to their malignant clinical progression, capacity for spreading rapidly and the lack of an effective prophylaxis or means of medical treatment endanger public health.
  2. human infectious disease - a disease induced by an infectious disease-causing agent, the spread of which may cause an epidemic (hereinafter - the infectious disease);
  3. disinfection - a set of measures for the extermination of infectious disease-causing agents;
  4. epidemic - the spread of an infectious disease to such an extent which exceeds the morbidity rate characteristic of a particular territory or, also, the appearance and intensive spread of a disease in a territory where it has not previously been registered;
  5. epidemiologist - a person who has a higher medical education or higher education in the field of public health and who conducts epidemiological surveillance, plans, organises, coordinates and controls measures for the prophylaxis and combating of infectious diseases, and who is appropriately trained for this work;
  6. epidemiological safety - the system of prophylactic, also hygienic, counter-epidemic, medical treatment and organisational conditions and measures, the objective of which is to reduce the threat to public health caused by infectious diseases and the harmful effects of environmental factors affecting health;
  7. epidemiological investigation - the work method for the detection of infectious disease-causing agents, sources, transmission factors and means of spreading, as well as for the organisation of prophylaxis and counter-epidemic measures;
  8. epidemiological observation - the regular monitoring of the epidemiological situation in the focus of an epidemic during the incubation period of infectious diseases or during the existence of the focus of the epidemic
  9. epidemiological surveillance - uninterrupted, dynamic and complex observation of the infectious disease spread providing systematic collection, analysis, explanation and distribution of epidemiological data, also performance of epidemiological studies specifically in such aspects which relate to the distribution of such diseases in time, territory, among the inhabitants, as well as analysis of the risk factor of infecting with the aim of exploring, forecasting and influencing epidemiological situation by performing relevant prophylactic and counter-epidemic measures, as well as evaluating the efficiency thereof;
  10. immunity - the insusceptibility of an organism to infectious diseases;
  11. source of infectious disease - a human or animal organism or an environmental object in which the infectious disease-causing agents are preserved, multiply and are discharged, or may be discharged, creating a threat of infection to humans;
  12. infectious disease-causing agents - bacteria, viruses, rickettsias, spirochetes, chlamydias, mycoplasmas, fungi, unicellular organisms, helminths, parts of micro-organisms, toxins and other biological agents which on invading the human body may induce a disease or the carrying of a disease-causing agent;
  13. focus of an infectious disease (also, focus of an epidemic) - a place (territory) within the boundaries of which humans may become infected by coming into contact with the source of an infectious disease or with the carrier of an infectious disease-causing agent;
  14. infectologist - a physician who has acquired an accredited programme of professional education in infectology, which includes theoretical knowledge regarding diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis and relevant practical skills;
  15. infected person - a person whose organism contains or discharges, or may discharge infectious disease-causing agents into the external environment;
  16. infection - the invasion of the human organism by an infectious disease-causing agent as a result of which varying intensity infection process development forms are created;
  17. isolation - a counter-epidemic measure for the segregation of infectious persons from healthy persons, for medical treatment and for ensuring appropriate conditions in order to prevent healthy persons from becoming infected;
  18. quarantine - a special regimen for the restriction of economic activities, social activities, operations of medical treatment, educational, social care and other institutions and other activities that is laid down in order to prevent the spread of dangerous and other infectious diseases outside the boundaries of the focus of an epidemic;
  19. exposed person - a person who has been in direct or indirect contact with an infected person or who has stayed in the focus of an epidemic and who has had an opportunity to become infected;
  20. laboratory examination (testing) - the examination of human, animal or environmental materials by various laboratory methods for direct or indirect detection of the presence of infectious disease-causing agents;
  21. medical observation - the regular examination of the health of persons subject to the risk of infection during the incubation period of an infectious disease;
  22. cause for suspicion - a conclusion based on evidence, which, on the basis of the specialised knowledge necessary for the performance of professional duties regarding matters of epidemiological safety and medical treatment, is made by epidemiologists of the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Health Inspectorate inspectors, medical practitioners or other officials during the time of performance of duties within their competence;
  23. counter-epidemic measures (epidemiologic control measures of infectious diseases) - a set of measures, including epidemiologic investigation of the cases of infectious diseases, for stopping the spread of an infectious disease and its liquidation;
  24. initial medical examination - the questioning and examination of persons in order to identify symptoms of infectious diseases;
  25. prophylactic measures - measures for preventing the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases, and for the strengthening of human and environmental health
  26.  patient - a person who has contracted an infectious disease;
  27. vaccination (shot) - a specific prophylactic measure for the purpose of inducing or maintaining te insusceptibility of an organism to an infectious disease by injecting a vaccine;
  28. heightened risk subject - a legal subject whose form of activity is the provision of services to consumers and due to whose activities or the operations of the equipment used, infectious diseases may become widespread, or whose activity is related to the harmful effects of factors affecting health and who is subject to the requirements of the laws and regulations governing the field of epidemiological safety;
  29. reference laboratory - a laboratory, accredited and authorised in a particular profile which practices diagnostics of infectious diseases, determination of agents and investigation thereof in conformity with the internationally acknowledged testing methods and standards promotes the development of testing methods in the State;
  30. pandemic - epidemic that covers broad geographical areas or continents;
  31. hygiene - an aggregate of conditions and practical measures, which is necessary in order to reduce or liquidate the potentially harmful effects of environmental factors (physical, chemical, biological) guaranteeing safe environment and provision of services not harmful to human health.
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMON TERMINOLOGY

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