INFLUENCE ACTIVITIES AND THE KREMLIN TOOL KIT

Russia has a multitude of capabilities and venues for political influence. Some of these assets are controlled by Russian intelligence or other state organs, while others share values or sympathize with Russia. Russia has a whole-of-government approach to influence and can employ the entire state apparatus for this purpose.

  1. Agents of influence
  2. Border disputes
  3. Building new political alliances
  4. Business
  5. Commerce
  6. Co-optation (co-opting business and political elites)
  7. Corruption
  8. Covert military force
  9. Crime
  10. Cultural diplomacy
  11. Culture and governance
  12. Cyber
  13. Diaspora and compatriots
  14. Diplomacy and public outreach
  15. Disinformation
  16. Economic interdependence
  17. Economics and energy
  18. Energy sector
  19. Exploitation of division and vulnerabilities
  20. Financing politicians
  21. Fronts 
  22. Influencing public opinion
  23. Information and narrative warfare
  24. Intelligence
  25. Linguistic manipulation
  26. Media
  27. Media and public diplomacy
  28. Military
  29. Military force
  30. Minorities
  31. Money
  32. Natural gas
  33. Penetration
  34. Political communication
  35. Political conflict
  36. PR and lobbying
  37. Propaganda
  38. Religion
  39. Shell companies and shadow structures
  40. Social and cultural dimensions
  41. Social media
  42. Soft power
  43. Spies
  44. State and public diplomacy
  45. Sympathizing political parties and organizations
  46. Trade
  47. Undercover work
  48. Undermining Western alliances
  49. Use of civil society (including foundations, NGOs, academia, think tanks, and the Orthodox Church),
  50. Wide range of alliances

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