Generally speaking there is a lack of quantitative or qualitative information available on lobbying actors in France. Nevertheless parliamentary registers as well as the list of members of lobbyists’ associations : Association Française des Cabinets de Lobbying (AFCL), Network BASE (Business Action and European Strategy, Association professionnelle des Responsables des relations avec les Pouvoirs publics (ARPP), Association des Avocats Lobbyistes (AAL) allow the gathering of a few information.

The main lobbyists in Estonia are trade and industry associations, private enterprises, consultant lobby firms and civil society organizations. Trade unions, industry associations and professional unions are the oldest and most transparent lobby groups in the country. Further distinction is made between in-house lobbyists and consultant lobbyists. Larger businesses (usually multinational) employ lawyers or have PR departments. In addition, personal contributions from CEOs are considered highly effective when lobbying politicians.

The lack of comprehensive lobbying regulation and the practice of lobbying are worrisome signs that indicate the vulnerability of democratic decision-making processes in Hungary. In the current Hungarian situation, state capture is combined with cronyism. In this special type of state capture the extensive and expansive state has been in symbiosis with some powerful business groups and oligarchs.

There are between 3000 and 4000 people professionally engaged in lobbying in Austria: 60% of them work in the chambers, an estimated 15% work in-house, about 15% work for associations and the remaining five to 10% are self-employed „agency lobbyists“. A 2014 survey of 357 members of the Economic Forum of Managers (WdF) showed that 62.2% of the Austrian companies surveyed practice lobbying. Most lobbying activity takes place in Vienna . Due to the federal structure of Austria, the number of contacts at state and local level involved in direct corporate lobbying is particularly high.